Determining factors, internal dynamics and control strategies of microclimate in greenhouses: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

A comprehensive review of the determining factors, internal dynamics, and control strategies of microclimate in greenhouses has been conducted in this study. The objective was established as providing a current panoramic view of the real limitations and challenges faced by this subject, particularly in developing countries, along with the analysis of an undeniable reality: climate change. The need for the rational and sustainable use of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), automatic control, digitalization, the Internet of Things, and the scientific management of big data, among others, was emphasized. The material used was comprised of an extensive bibliographic review related to the subject, combined with the application of the systematic review method, which was employed to provide a structured and rigorous approach that identified, evaluated, and synthesized all relevant evidence concerning this research. At the end of the study, the obtained results from this review are presented, and the importance of microclimate control in greenhouses within the context of climate change is confirmed. A brief reflection on the current challenges and future perspectives of this topic in developing countries is offered. The differential value of this review with respect to others related to this topic is that the present work emphasizes the need for the integration of several highly topical disciplines, such as digital image processing and AI in its broadest spectrum, aimed at developing countries in a low-resource environment, which gives this article practical value in the context of climate change. Finally, the most significant conclusions are outlined.